Linux环境配置

基于CentOS 8 最小安装

基础配置

Mac连接虚拟机

Mac终端连接虚拟机命令ssh -l root+虚拟机IP地址

Mac终端传输文件给虚拟机scp (本机文件所在地址) root@虚拟机IP地址：（所要传到虚拟机的位置）

修改语言

vim /etc/locale.conf

英文：en_US.utf8

中文：zh_CN.utf8

防火墙

关闭防火墙 systemctl stop firewalld.service

关闭开机启动 systemctl disable firewalld.service

• 防火墙开放端口
  • tomcat：firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080/tcp --permanent
  • mysql：firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
  • 重新载入：firewall-cmd --reload

切换阿里云源

1. 备份

   mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

2. 下载

   wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo

3. 生成缓存

   yum clean all yum makecache

安装工具

• wget: yum -y install wget

• lrzsz: yum install lrzsz -y

安装JAVA

1. 下载并上传java安装包到 /usr/local/software/java目录

   https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/javase/javase-jdk8-downloads.html

2. 解压JAVA tar -zxvf jdk-8u92-linux-x64.tar.gz

3. 编辑profile文件，添加环境变量 vi /etc/profile

   JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/software/java/jdk1.8.0_92
   JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
   PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin
   CLASSPATH=:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE_HOME/lib/dt.jar
   export JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME PATH CLASSPATH

4. 刷新环境变量 source /etc/profile

5. 测试安装 java -version

安装 tomcat

1. 下载并上传tomcat到/usr/local/software/tomcat目录

   http://tomcat.apache.org/

2. 解压

   tar -xzvf apache-tomcat-10.0.4.tar.gz

3. 修改环境变量

   CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/software/tomcat
   export PATH=CATALINA_HOME

4. 启动服务：进入bin目录./startup.sh

5. 关闭服务：进入bin目录./shutdown.sh

安装maven

1. 下载并上传maven到/usr/local/software/maven目录

   http://maven.apache.org/download.cgi

2. 解压

   tar -xzvf apache-maven-3.6.3-bin.tar.gz

3. 修改环境变量

   export MAVEN_HOME=/usr/local/software/maven/apache-maven-3.6.3
   export PATH=$MAVEN_HOME/bin:$PATH 

4. 检查版本 mvn -v

5. 测试下载 mvn help:system

6. 切换下载源 vi settings.xml

   <!-- 镜像设置 -->
   <mirrors>
   	<mirror>
         <id>alimaven</id>
         <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
         <name>aliyun maven</name>
         <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/</url>
       </mirror>
       <mirror>
         <id>alimaven</id>
         <name>aliyun maven</name>
         <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
         <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
       </mirror>
       <mirror>
         <id>central</id>
         <name>Maven Repository Switchboard</name>
         <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/</url>
         <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
       </mirror>
       <mirror>
         <id>repo2</id>
         <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
         <name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
         <url>http://repo2.maven.org/maven2/</url>
       </mirror>
       <mirror>
         <id>ibiblio</id>
         <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
         <name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
         <url>http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/maven2/</url>
       </mirror>
       <mirror>
         <id>jboss-public-repository-group</id>
         <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
         <name>JBoss Public Repository Group</name>
         <url>http://repository.jboss.org/nexus/content/groups/public</url>
       </mirror>
       <mirror>
         <id>google-maven-central</id>
         <name>Google Maven Central</name>
         <url>https://maven-central.storage.googleapis.com</url>
         <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
       </mirror>
       <mirror>
         <id>maven.net.cn</id>
         <name>oneof the central mirrors in china</name>
         <url>http://maven.net.cn/content/groups/public/</url>
         <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
       </mirror>
     </mirrors>

7. 修改本地仓库

   <!-- 本地仓库 -->
   <localRepository>/Users/naclo/software/apache/maven/maven-repository</localRepository>

安装MySQL

1. 下载或者上传MySQL官方的 Yum源

   https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/

   wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el8-1.noarch.rpm

2. 安装源

   yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm

3. 安装mysql

   yum install mysql-community-server

   出错先执行：yum module disable mysql

4. 启动MySQL服务

   systemctl start mysqld.service

5. 查看MySQL运行状态

   systemctl status mysqld.service

6. 设置开机启动

   systemctl enable mysqld

   systemctl daemon-reload

   systemctl disable mysqld关闭开机自动启动

7. 修改默认密码

   1. set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('new password');

   2. 查看密码grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log

      使用默认密码登陆数据库修改密码ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new password';

8. 设置语言

   登录mysql，然后输入status查看状态

   修改my.cnf文件 vi /etc/my.cnf

   [client]
   default-character-set=utf8
   
   [mysqld]
   character-set-server=utf8
   collation-server=utf8_general_ci

   重启mysql: service mysqld restart

9. 开启mysql的远程访问

   grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'password' with grant option;

   FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

   EXIT

• 密码策略

  • 查看密码策略SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
  • 设置密码的验证强度等级set global validate_password_policy=LOW;
  • 修改密码长度set global validate_password_length=6;

• 跳过验证登陆

  • 修改my.cnf文件 vi /etc/my.cnf

    [mysqld]
    skip-grant-tables